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At 4mg/week (W5-8 plateau), one vial covers 1 week
Common adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists include: Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation)usually mild to moderate and often diminishing over time Injection site reactions Headache Fatigue More serious but rare adverse effects have been identified, including: Pancreatitis patients should seek urgent medical advice for severe, persistent abdominal pain (with or without vomiting) Gallbladder disease symptoms include upper right abdominal pain and jaundice Diabetic retinopathy complications particularly with rapid HbA1c reduction in patients with pre-existing retinopathy Dehydration and acute kidney injury from persistent gastrointestinal symptoms When combined with sulfonylureas or insulin, GLP-1 receptor agonists increase the risk of hypoglycaemia
Abbreviations ANCOVA: Analysis of covariance BIA: Bioelectrical impedance CPT-1b: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B CV: Coefficient of variation FCHO: Fermentable carbohydrate FPG: Fasting plasma glucose GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1 HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance IFG: Impaired fasting glucose IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance IHCL: Intrahepatocellular lipid IMCL: Intramyocellular lipid MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging MRS: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy MTT: Meal tolerance test OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test SCFA: Short-chain fatty acids SEM: Standard error of the mean tAUC: Total area under the curve T2DM: Type 2 diabetes VAS: Visual analogue scales VAT: Visceral adipose tissue 2hPG: 2 h plasma glucose References Orchard TJ, Temprosa M, Goldberg R, Haffner S, Ratner R, Marcovina S, et al
