Diana Girnita, MD, PhD, FACR, founder and CEO of Rheumatologist OnCall
The majority of the vitamin, approximately 80%, is transported on the inactive TCI (also called haptocorrin) . The journal Nutrients would be accessed by student dieticians, dieticians, sports scientists and possibly, doctors who specialise in Inborn Errors of Metabolism
As a general pattern: Standard multi-week reconstitution, repeated draws bacteriostatic water Preservative-sensitive compounds, shorter-use windows sterile water or saline When in doubt follow the specific product's own reconstitution instructions This is general information, not dosing or product-specific advice
Competitive or tested athletes BPC-157 has been on the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List under category S0 since 2022 and remains on the 2025 list