Materials and methods Animals Wild type (WT) BALB/cJ, recombination-activating gene 2deficient [Rag2 / , C.B6(Cg)-Rag2tm1.1Cgn/J, RRID: IMSR_JAX:008448], and Rag2-deficient chaindeficient (Rag2 / GC / , C;129S4-Rag2tm1.1FlvIl2rgtm1.1Flv/J, RRID: IMSR_JAX:014593) mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory
Microscopically, transmural hyperemia of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal mucosa villi reduction, crypt reduction with focal denudation of superficial epithelia, and large bowel dilatation were all inhibited
IGF-1 DES (Des(1-3) IGF-1) is a 67-amino acid truncated form of IGF-1 with the first three amino acids (Gly-Pro-Glu) removed from the N-terminus
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